Orixate phyllotaxis, which has a tetrastichous alternate pattern with a four-cycle sequence of the divergence angle, is an interesting example of an unaddressed phyllotaxis type. In the framework of DC models, which assume that each primordium emits a constant power that inhibits new primordium formation and that this inhibitory effect decreases with distance, the major types (but not all types) of phyllotaxis can occur as stable patterns. Many mathematical models, as typified by those of Douady and Couder (alternate-specific form, DC1 more generalized form, DC2), have been proposed for phyllotactic patterning, mostly based on the notion that a repulsive interaction between leaf primordia spatially regulates primordium initiation. Phyllotaxis, the beautiful geometry of plant-leaf arrangement around the stem, has long attracted the attention of researchers of biological-pattern formation. Our findings imply that changing the inhibitory power is generally an important component of the phyllotactic patterning mechanism. Furthermore, the simulation results obtained using EDC2 fitted better the natural distribution of phyllotactic patterns than did those obtained using the previous models. The orixate patterns generated by the expanded version of DC2 (EDC2) were shown to share morphological details with real orixate phyllotaxis. Here we examined DC models regarding the ability to produce orixate phyllotaxis and found that model expansion via the introduction of primordial age-dependent changes of the inhibitory power is absolutely necessary for the establishment of orixate phyllotaxis. Although the term orixate phyllotaxis was derived from Orixa japonica, this type is observed in several distant taxa, suggesting that it may reflect some aspects of a common mechanism of phyllotactic patterning. An interesting example is orixate phyllotaxis, which has a tetrastichous alternate pattern with periodic repetition of a sequence of different divergence angles: 180°, 90°, −180°, and −90°. However, several phyllotactic types remain unaddressed. It was previously demonstrated by computer simulations that any major type of phyllotaxis can occur as a self-organizing stable pattern in the framework of DC models. Among them, particularly notable are the two models of Douady and Couder (alternate-specific form, DC1 more generalized form, DC2), the key assumptions of which are that each leaf primordium emits a constant power that inhibits new primordium formation and that this inhibitory effect decreases with distance. To explain the regularity and limited variety of phyllotactic patterns, many theoretical models have been proposed, mostly based on the notion that a repulsive interaction between leaf primordia determines the position of primordium initiation. In the majority of plants, phyllotaxis exhibits a distichous, Fibonacci spiral, decussate, or tricussate pattern. Plant leaves are arranged around the stem in a beautiful geometry that is called phyllotaxis.
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